Excel functions (alphabetical)

Applies To: Excel 2016 , Excel 2013 , Excel 2010 , Excel 2007 , Excel 2016 for Mac , More…

Click a letter to go to functions that start with it. Or press Ctrl+F to find a function by typing the first few letters or a descriptive word. To get detailed information about a function, click its name in the first column.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Note: Version markers indicate the version of Excel a function was introduced. These functions aren’t available in earlier versions.

Important: The calculated results of formulas and some Excel worksheet functions may differ slightly between a Windows PC using x86 or x86-64 architecture and a Windows RT PC using ARM architecture. Learn more about the differences.

Function name	Type and description
ABS function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the absolute value of a number
ACCRINT function	Financial: Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays periodic interest
ACCRINTM function	Financial: Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at maturity
ACOS function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the arccosine of a number
ACOSH function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number
ACOT function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the arccotangent of a number
ACOTH function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the hyperbolic arccotangent of a number
AGGREGATE function	Math and trigonometry: Returns an aggregate in a list or database
ADDRESS function	Lookup and reference: Returns a reference as text to a single cell in a worksheet
AMORDEGRC function	Financial: Returns the depreciation for each accounting period by using a depreciation coefficient
AMORLINC function	Financial: Returns the depreciation for each accounting period
AND function	Logical: Returns TRUE if all of its arguments are TRUE
ARABIC function	Math and trigonometry: Converts a Roman number to Arabic, as a number
AREAS function	Lookup and reference: Returns the number of areas in a reference
ASC function	Text: Changes full-width (double-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to half-width (single-byte) characters
ASIN function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the arcsine of a number
ASINH function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number
ATAN function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the arctangent of a number
ATAN2 function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the arctangent from x- and y-coordinates
ATANH function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number
AVEDEV function	Statistical: Returns the average of the absolute deviations of data points from their mean
AVERAGE function	Statistical: Returns the average of its arguments
AVERAGEA function	Statistical: Returns the average of its arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values
AVERAGEIF function	Statistical: Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all the cells in a range that meet a given criteria
AVERAGEIFS function	Statistical: Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all cells that meet multiple criteria.
BAHTTEXT function	Text: Converts a number to text, using the ß (baht) currency format
BASE function	Math and trigonometry: Converts a number into a text representation with the given radix (base)
BESSELI function	Engineering: Returns the modified Bessel function In(x)
BESSELJ function	Engineering: Returns the Bessel function Jn(x)
BESSELK function	Engineering: Returns the modified Bessel function Kn(x)
BESSELY function	Engineering: Returns the Bessel function Yn(x)
BETADIST function	Compatibility: Returns the beta cumulative distribution function Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
BETA.DIST function	Statistical: Returns the beta cumulative distribution function
BETAINV function	Compatibility: Returns the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a specified beta distribution Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
BETA.INV function	Statistical: Returns the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a specified beta distribution
BIN2DEC function	Engineering: Converts a binary number to decimal
BIN2HEX function	Engineering: Converts a binary number to hexadecimal
BIN2OCT function	Engineering: Converts a binary number to octal
BINOMDIST function	Compatibility: Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
BINOM.DIST function	Statistical: Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability
BINOM.DIST.RANGE function	Statistical: Returns the probability of a trial result using a binomial distribution
BINOM.INV function	Statistical: Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a criterion value
BITAND function	Engineering: Returns a ‘Bitwise And’ of two numbers
BITLSHIFT function	Engineering: Returns a value number shifted left by shift_amount bits
BITOR function	Engineering: Returns a bitwise OR of 2 numbers
BITRSHIFT function	Engineering: Returns a value number shifted right by shift_amount bits
BITXOR function	Engineering: Returns a bitwise ‘Exclusive Or’ of two numbers
CALL function	Add-in and Automation: Calls a procedure in a dynamic link library or code resource
CEILING function	Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
CEILING.MATH function	Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number up, to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
CEILING.PRECISE function	Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance. Regardless of the sign of the number, the number is rounded up.
CELL function	Information: Returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell Note: This function is not available in Excel Online.
CHAR function	Text: Returns the character specified by the code number
CHIDIST function	Compatibility: Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
CHIINV function	Compatibility: Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
CHITEST function	Compatibility: Returns the test for independence Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
CHISQ.DIST function	Statistical: Returns the cumulative beta probability density function
CHISQ.DIST.RT function	Statistical: Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
CHISQ.INV function	Statistical: Returns the cumulative beta probability density function
CHISQ.INV.RT function	Statistical: Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
CHISQ.TEST function	Statistical: Returns the test for independence
CHOOSE function	Lookup and reference: Chooses a value from a list of values
CLEAN function	Text: Removes all nonprintable characters from text
CODE function	Text: Returns a numeric code for the first character in a text string
COLUMN function	Lookup and reference: Returns the column number of a reference
COLUMNS function	Lookup and reference: Returns the number of columns in a reference
COMBIN function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the number of combinations for a given number of objects
COMBINA function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the number of combinations with repetitions for a given number of items
COMPLEX function	Engineering: Converts real and imaginary coefficients into a complex number
CONCAT function	Text: Combines the text from multiple ranges and/or strings, but it doesn’t provide the delimiter or IgnoreEmpty arguments. Note: This function isn’t available in Excel 2016 for Mac.
CONCATENATE function	Text: Joins several text items into one text item
CONFIDENCE function	Compatibility: Returns the confidence interval for a population mean Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
CONFIDENCE.NORM function	Statistical: Returns the confidence interval for a population mean
CONFIDENCE.T function	Statistical: Returns the confidence interval for a population mean, using a Student’s t distribution
CONVERT function	Engineering: Converts a number from one measurement system to another
CORREL function	Statistical: Returns the correlation coefficient between two data sets
COS function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the cosine of a number
COSH function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number
COT function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number
COTH function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the cotangent of an angle
COUNT function	Statistical: Counts how many numbers are in the list of arguments
COUNTA function	Statistical: Counts how many values are in the list of arguments
COUNTBLANK function	Statistical: Counts the number of blank cells within a range
COUNTIF function	Statistical: Counts the number of cells within a range that meet the given criteria
COUNTIFS function	Statistical: Counts the number of cells within a range that meet multiple criteria
COUPDAYBS function	Financial: Returns the number of days from the beginning of the coupon period to the settlement date
COUPDAYS function	Financial: Returns the number of days in the coupon period that contains the settlement date
COUPDAYSNC function	Financial: Returns the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupon date
COUPNCD function	Financial: Returns the next coupon date after the settlement date
COUPNUM function	Financial: Returns the number of coupons payable between the settlement date and maturity date
COUPPCD function	Financial: Returns the previous coupon date before the settlement date
COVAR function	Compatibility: Returns covariance, the average of the products of paired deviations Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
COVARIANCE.P function	Statistical: Returns covariance, the average of the products of paired deviations
COVARIANCE.S function	Statistical: Returns the sample covariance, the average of the products deviations for each data point pair in two data sets
CRITBINOM function	Compatibility: Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a criterion value Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
CSC function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the cosecant of an angle
CSCH function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of an angle
CUBEKPIMEMBER function	Cube: Returns a key performance indicator (KPI) name, property, and measure, and displays the name and property in the cell. A KPI is a quantifiable measurement, such as monthly gross profit or quarterly employee turnover, used to monitor an organization’s performance.
CUBEMEMBER function	Cube: Returns a member or tuple in a cube hierarchy. Use to validate that the member or tuple exists in the cube.
CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY function	Cube: Returns the value of a member property in the cube. Use to validate that a member name exists within the cube and to return the specified property for this member.
CUBERANKEDMEMBER function	Cube: Returns the nth, or ranked, member in a set. Use to return one or more elements in a set, such as the top sales performer or top 10 students.
CUBESET function	Cube: Defines a calculated set of members or tuples by sending a set expression to the cube on the server, which creates the set, and then returns that set to Microsoft Office Excel.
CUBESETCOUNT function	Cube: Returns the number of items in a set.
CUBEVALUE function	Cube: Returns an aggregated value from a cube.
CUMIPMT function	Financial: Returns the cumulative interest paid between two periods
CUMPRINC function	Financial: Returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan between two periods
DATE function	Date and time: Returns the serial number of a particular date
DATEDIF function	Date and time: Calculates the number of days, months, or years between two dates. This function is useful in formulas where you need to calculate an age.
DATEVALUE function	Date and time: Converts a date in the form of text to a serial number
DAVERAGE function	Database: Returns the average of selected database entries
DAY function	Date and time: Converts a serial number to a day of the month
DAYS function	Date and time: Returns the number of days between two dates
DAYS360 function	Date and time: Calculates the number of days between two dates based on a 360-day year
DB function	Financial: Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period by using the fixed-declining balance method
DBCS function	Text: Changes half-width (single-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to full-width (double-byte) characters
DCOUNT function	Database: Counts the cells that contain numbers in a database
DCOUNTA function	Database: Counts nonblank cells in a database
DDB function	Financial: Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period by using the double-declining balance method or some other method that you specify
DEC2BIN function	Engineering: Converts a decimal number to binary
DEC2HEX function	Engineering: Converts a decimal number to hexadecimal
DEC2OCT function	Engineering: Converts a decimal number to octal
DECIMAL function	Math and trigonometry: Converts a text representation of a number in a given base into a decimal number
DEGREES function	Math and trigonometry: Converts radians to degrees
DELTA function	Engineering: Tests whether two values are equal
DEVSQ function	Statistical: Returns the sum of squares of deviations
DGET function	Database: Extracts from a database a single record that matches the specified criteria
DISC function	Financial: Returns the discount rate for a security
DMAX function	Database: Returns the maximum value from selected database entries
DMIN function	Database: Returns the minimum value from selected database entries
DOLLAR function	Text: Converts a number to text, using the $ (dollar) currency format
DOLLARDE function	Financial: Converts a dollar price, expressed as a fraction, into a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number
DOLLARFR function	Financial: Converts a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number, into a dollar price, expressed as a fraction
DPRODUCT function	Database: Multiplies the values in a particular field of records that match the criteria in a database
DSTDEV function	Database: Estimates the standard deviation based on a sample of selected database entries
DSTDEVP function	Database: Calculates the standard deviation based on the entire population of selected database entries
DSUM function	Database: Adds the numbers in the field column of records in the database that match the criteria
DURATION function	Financial: Returns the annual duration of a security with periodic interest payments
DVAR function	Database: Estimates variance based on a sample from selected database entries
DVARP function	Database: Calculates variance based on the entire population of selected database entries
EDATE function	Date and time: Returns the serial number of the date that is the indicated number of months before or after the start date
EFFECT function	Financial: Returns the effective annual interest rate
ENCODEURL function	Web: Returns a URL-encoded string Note: This function is not available in Excel Online.
EOMONTH function	Date and time: Returns the serial number of the last day of the month before or after a specified number of months
ERF function	Engineering: Returns the error function
ERF.PRECISE function	Engineering: Returns the error function
ERFC function	Engineering: Returns the complementary error function
ERFC.PRECISE function	Engineering: Returns the complementary ERF function integrated between x and infinity
ERROR.TYPE function	Information: Returns a number corresponding to an error type
EUROCONVERT function	Add-in and Automation: Converts a number to euros, converts a number from euros to a euro member currency, or converts a number from one euro member currency to another by using the euro as an intermediary (triangulation).
EVEN function	Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer
EXACT function	Text: Checks to see if two text values are identical
EXP function	Math and trigonometry: Returns e raised to the power of a given number
EXPON.DIST function	Statistical: Returns the exponential distribution
EXPONDIST function	Compatibility: Returns the exponential distribution Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
FACT function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the factorial of a number
FACTDOUBLE function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the double factorial of a number
FALSE function	Logical: Returns the logical value FALSE
F.DIST function	Statistical: Returns the F probability distribution
FDIST function	Compatibility: Returns the F probability distribution Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
F.DIST.RT function	Statistical: Returns the F probability distribution
FILTERXML function	Web: Returns specific data from the XML content by using the specified XPath Note: This function is not available in Excel Online.
FIND, FINDB functions	Text: Finds one text value within another (case-sensitive)
F.INV function	Statistical: Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution
F.INV.RT function	Statistical: Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution
FINV function	Statistical: Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution
FISHER function	Statistical: Returns the Fisher transformation
FISHERINV function	Statistical: Returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation
FIXED function	Text: Formats a number as text with a fixed number of decimals
FLOOR function	Compatibility: Rounds a number down, toward zero Note: In Excel 2007 and Excel 2010, this is a Math and trigonometry function.
FLOOR.MATH function	Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number down, to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
FLOOR.PRECISE function	Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance. Regardless of the sign of the number, the number is rounded up.
FORECAST function	Statistical: Returns a value along a linear trend Note: In Excel 2016, this function is replaced with FORECAST.LINEAR as part of the new Forecasting functions, but it’s still available for compatibility with earlier versions.
FORECAST.ETS function	Statistical: Returns a future value based on existing (historical) values by using the AAA version of the Exponential Smoothing (ETS) algorithm Note: This function isn’t available in Excel 2016 for Mac.
FORECAST.ETS.CONFINT function	Statistical: Returns a confidence interval for the forecast value at the specified target date Note: This function isn’t available in Excel 2016 for Mac.
FORECAST.ETS.SEASONALITY function	Statistical: Returns the length of the repetitive pattern Excel detects for the specified time series Note: This function isn’t available in Excel 2016 for Mac.
FORECAST.ETS.STAT function	Statistical: Returns a statistical value as a result of time series forecasting Note: This function isn’t available in Excel 2016 for Mac.
FORECAST.LINEAR function	Statistical: Returns a future value based on existing values Note: This function isn’t available in Excel 2016 for Mac.
FORMULATEXT function	Lookup and reference: Returns the formula at the given reference as text
FREQUENCY function	Statistical: Returns a frequency distribution as a vertical array
F.TEST function	Statistical: Returns the result of an F-test
FTEST function	Compatibility: Returns the result of an F-test Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
FV function	Financial: Returns the future value of an investment
FVSCHEDULE function	Financial: Returns the future value of an initial principal after applying a series of compound interest rates
GAMMA function	Statistical: Returns the Gamma function value
GAMMA.DIST function	Statistical: Returns the gamma distribution
GAMMADIST function	Compatibility: Returns the gamma distribution Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
GAMMA.INV function	Statistical: Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution
GAMMAINV function	Compatibility: Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
GAMMALN function	Statistical: Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function, Γ(x)
GAMMALN.PRECISE function	Statistical: Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function, Γ(x)
GAUSS function	Statistical: Returns 0.5 less than the standard normal cumulative distribution
GCD function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the greatest common divisor
GEOMEAN function	Statistical: Returns the geometric mean
GESTEP function	Engineering: Tests whether a number is greater than a threshold value
GETPIVOTDATA function	Add-in and Automation: Returns data stored in a PivotTable report
GROWTH function	Statistical: Returns values along an exponential trend
HARMEAN function	Statistical: Returns the harmonic mean
HEX2BIN function	Engineering: Converts a hexadecimal number to binary
HEX2DEC function	Engineering: Converts a hexadecimal number to decimal
HEX2OCT function	Engineering: Converts a hexadecimal number to octal
HLOOKUP function	Lookup and reference: Looks in the top row of an array and returns the value of the indicated cell
HOUR function	Date and time: Converts a serial number to an hour
HYPERLINK function	Lookup and reference: Creates a shortcut or jump that opens a document stored on a network server, an intranet, or the Internet
HYPGEOM.DIST function	Statistical: Returns the hypergeometric distribution
HYPGEOMDIST function	Compatibility: Returns the hypergeometric distribution Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
IF function	Logical: Specifies a logical test to perform
IFERROR function	Logical: Returns a value you specify if a formula evaluates to an error; otherwise, returns the result of the formula
IFNA function	Logical: Returns the value you specify if the expression resolves to #N/A, otherwise returns the result of the expression
IFS function	Logical: Checks whether one or more conditions are met and returns a value that corresponds to the first TRUE condition. Note: This function isn’t available in Excel 2016 for Mac.
IMABS function	Engineering: Returns the absolute value (modulus) of a complex number
IMAGINARY function	Engineering: Returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number
IMARGUMENT function	Engineering: Returns the argument theta, an angle expressed in radians
IMCONJUGATE function	Engineering: Returns the complex conjugate of a complex number
IMCOS function	Engineering: Returns the cosine of a complex number
IMCOSH function	Engineering: Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a complex number
IMCOT function	Engineering: Returns the cotangent of a complex number
IMCSC function	Engineering: Returns the cosecant of a complex number
IMCSCH function	Engineering: Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of a complex number
IMDIV function	Engineering: Returns the quotient of two complex numbers
IMEXP function	Engineering: Returns the exponential of a complex number
IMLN function	Engineering: Returns the natural logarithm of a complex number
IMLOG10 function	Engineering: Returns the base-10 logarithm of a complex number
IMLOG2 function	Engineering: Returns the base-2 logarithm of a complex number
IMPOWER function	Engineering: Returns a complex number raised to an integer power
IMPRODUCT function	Engineering: Returns the product of complex numbers
IMREAL function	Engineering: Returns the real coefficient of a complex number
IMSEC function	Engineering: Returns the secant of a complex number
IMSECH function	Engineering: Returns the hyperbolic secant of a complex number
IMSIN function	Engineering: Returns the sine of a complex number
IMSINH function	Engineering: Returns the hyperbolic sine of a complex number
IMSQRT function	Engineering: Returns the square root of a complex number
IMSUB function	Engineering: Returns the difference between two complex numbers
IMSUM function	Engineering: Returns the sum of complex numbers
IMTAN function	Engineering: Returns the tangent of a complex number
INDEX function	Lookup and reference: Uses an index to choose a value from a reference or array
INDIRECT function	Lookup and reference: Returns a reference indicated by a text value
INFO function	Information: Returns information about the current operating environment Note: This function is not available in Excel Online.
INT function	Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number down to the nearest integer
INTERCEPT function	Statistical: Returns the intercept of the linear regression line
INTRATE function	Financial: Returns the interest rate for a fully invested security
IPMT function	Financial: Returns the interest payment for an investment for a given period
IRR function	Financial: Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows
ISBLANK function	Information: Returns TRUE if the value is blank
ISERR function	Information: Returns TRUE if the value is any error value except #N/A
ISERROR function	Information: Returns TRUE if the value is any error value
ISEVEN function	Information: Returns TRUE if the number is even
ISFORMULA function	Information: Returns TRUE if there is a reference to a cell that contains a formula
ISLOGICAL function	Information: Returns TRUE if the value is a logical value
ISNA function	Information: Returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error value
ISNONTEXT function	Information: Returns TRUE if the value is not text
ISNUMBER function	Information: Returns TRUE if the value is a number
ISODD function	Information: Returns TRUE if the number is odd
ISREF function	Information: Returns TRUE if the value is a reference
ISTEXT function	Information: Returns TRUE if the value is text
ISO.CEILING function	Math and trigonometry: Returns a number that is rounded up to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
ISOWEEKNUM function	Date and time: Returns the number of the ISO week number of the year for a given date
ISPMT function	Financial: Calculates the interest paid during a specific period of an investment
JIS function	Text: Changes half-width (single-byte) characters within a string to full-width (double-byte) characters
KURT function	Statistical: Returns the kurtosis of a data set
LARGE function	Statistical: Returns the k-th largest value in a data set
LCM function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the least common multiple
LEFT, LEFTB functions	Text: Returns the leftmost characters from a text value
LEN, LENB functions	Text: Returns the number of characters in a text string
LINEST function	Statistical: Returns the parameters of a linear trend
LN function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the natural logarithm of a number
LOG function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base
LOG10 function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number
LOGEST function	Statistical: Returns the parameters of an exponential trend
LOGINV function	Compatibility: Returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution
LOGNORM.DIST function	Statistical: Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution
LOGNORMDIST function	Compatibility: Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution
LOGNORM.INV function	Statistical: Returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution
LOOKUP function	Lookup and reference: Looks up values in a vector or array
LOWER function	Text: Converts text to lowercase
MATCH function	Lookup and reference: Looks up values in a reference or array
MAX function	Statistical: Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments
MAXA function	Statistical: Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values
MAXIFS function	Statistical: Returns the maximum value among cells specified by a given set of conditions or criteria Note: This function isn’t available in Excel 2016 for Mac.
MDETERM function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the matrix determinant of an array
MDURATION function	Financial: Returns the Macauley modified duration for a security with an assumed par value of $100
MEDIAN function	Statistical: Returns the median of the given numbers
MID, MIDB functions	Text: Returns a specific number of characters from a text string starting at the position you specify
MIN function	Statistical: Returns the minimum value in a list of arguments
MINIFS function	Statistical: Returns the minimum value among cells specified by a given set of conditions or criteria. Note: This function isn’t available in Excel 2016 for Mac.
MINA function	Statistical: Returns the smallest value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values
MINUTE function	Date and time: Converts a serial number to a minute
MINVERSE function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the matrix inverse of an array
MIRR function	Financial: Returns the internal rate of return where positive and negative cash flows are financed at different rates
MMULT function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the matrix product of two arrays
MOD function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the remainder from division
MODE function	Compatibility: Returns the most common value in a data set Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
MODE.MULT function	Statistical: Returns a vertical array of the most frequently occurring, or repetitive values in an array or range of data
MODE.SNGL function	Statistical: Returns the most common value in a data set
MONTH function	Date and time: Converts a serial number to a month
MROUND function	Math and trigonometry: Returns a number rounded to the desired multiple
MULTINOMIAL function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the multinomial of a set of numbers
MUNIT function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the unit matrix or the specified dimension
N function	Information: Returns a value converted to a number
NA function	Information: Returns the error value #N/A
NEGBINOM.DIST function	Statistical: Returns the negative binomial distribution
NEGBINOMDIST function	Compatibility: Returns the negative binomial distribution Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
NETWORKDAYS function	Date and time: Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates
NETWORKDAYS.INTL function	Date and time: Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates using parameters to indicate which and how many days are weekend days
NOMINAL function	Financial: Returns the annual nominal interest rate
NORM.DIST function	Statistical: Returns the normal cumulative distribution
NORMDIST function	Compatibility: Returns the normal cumulative distribution Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
NORMINV function	Statistical: Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution
NORM.INV function	Compatibility: Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
NORM.S.DIST function	Statistical: Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution
NORMSDIST function	Compatibility: Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
NORM.S.INV function	Statistical: Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution
NORMSINV function	Compatibility: Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
NOT function	Logical: Reverses the logic of its argument
NOW function	Date and time: Returns the serial number of the current date and time
NPER function	Financial: Returns the number of periods for an investment
NPV function	Financial: Returns the net present value of an investment based on a series of periodic cash flows and a discount rate
NUMBERVALUE function	Text: Converts text to number in a locale-independent manner
OCT2BIN function	Engineering: Converts an octal number to binary
OCT2DEC function	Engineering: Converts an octal number to decimal
OCT2HEX function	Engineering: Converts an octal number to hexadecimal
ODD function	Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer
ODDFPRICE function	Financial: Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd first period
ODDFYIELD function	Financial: Returns the yield of a security with an odd first period
ODDLPRICE function	Financial: Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd last period
ODDLYIELD function	Financial: Returns the yield of a security with an odd last period
OFFSET function	Lookup and reference: Returns a reference offset from a given reference
OR function	Logical: Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE
PDURATION function	Financial: Returns the number of periods required by an investment to reach a specified value
PEARSON function	Statistical: Returns the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient
PERCENTILE.EXC function	Statistical: Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range, where k is in the range 0..1, exclusive
PERCENTILE.INC function	Statistical: Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range
PERCENTILE function	Compatibility: Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
PERCENTRANK.EXC function	Statistical: Returns the rank of a value in a data set as a percentage (0..1, exclusive) of the data set
PERCENTRANK.INC function	Statistical: Returns the percentage rank of a value in a data set
PERCENTRANK function	Compatibility: Returns the percentage rank of a value in a data set Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
PERMUT function	Statistical: Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects
PERMUTATIONA function	Statistical: Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects (with repetitions) that can be selected from the total objects
PHI function	Statistical: Returns the value of the density function for a standard normal distribution
PHONETIC function	Text: Extracts the phonetic (furigana) characters from a text string
PI function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the value of pi
PMT function	Financial: Returns the periodic payment for an annuity
POISSON.DIST function	Statistical: Returns the Poisson distribution
POISSON function	Compatibility: Returns the Poisson distribution Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
POWER function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the result of a number raised to a power
PPMT function	Financial: Returns the payment on the principal for an investment for a given period
PRICE function	Financial: Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays periodic interest
PRICEDISC function	Financial: Returns the price per $100 face value of a discounted security
PRICEMAT function	Financial: Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays interest at maturity
PROB function	Statistical: Returns the probability that values in a range are between two limits
PRODUCT function	Math and trigonometry: Multiplies its arguments
PROPER function	Text: Capitalizes the first letter in each word of a text value
PV function	Financial: Returns the present value of an investment
QUARTILE function	Compatibility: Returns the quartile of a data set Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
QUARTILE.EXC function	Statistical: Returns the quartile of the data set, based on percentile values from 0..1, exclusive
QUARTILE.INC function	Statistical: Returns the quartile of a data set
QUOTIENT function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the integer portion of a division
RADIANS function	Math and trigonometry: Converts degrees to radians
RAND function	Math and trigonometry: Returns a random number between 0 and 1
RANDBETWEEN function	Math and trigonometry: Returns a random number between the numbers you specify
RANK.AVG function	Statistical: Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers
RANK.EQ function	Statistical: Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers
RANK function	Compatibility: Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
RATE function	Financial: Returns the interest rate per period of an annuity
RECEIVED function	Financial: Returns the amount received at maturity for a fully invested security
REGISTER.ID function	Add-in and Automation: Returns the register ID of the specified dynamic link library (DLL) or code resource that has been previously registered
REPLACE, REPLACEB functions	Text: Replaces characters within text
REPT function	Text: Repeats text a given number of times
RIGHT, RIGHTB functions	Text: Returns the rightmost characters from a text value
ROMAN function	Math and trigonometry: Converts an arabic numeral to roman, as text
ROUND function	Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number to a specified number of digits
ROUNDDOWN function	Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number down, toward zero
ROUNDUP function	Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number up, away from zero
ROW function	Lookup and reference: Returns the row number of a reference
ROWS function	Lookup and reference: Returns the number of rows in a reference
RRI function	Financial: Returns an equivalent interest rate for the growth of an investment
RSQ function	Statistical: Returns the square of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient
RTD function	Lookup and reference: Retrieves real-time data from a program that supports COM automation
SEARCH, SEARCHB functions	Text: Finds one text value within another (not case-sensitive)
SEC function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the secant of an angle
SECH function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the hyperbolic secant of an angle
SECOND function	Date and time: Converts a serial number to a second
SERIESSUM function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the sum of a power series based on the formula
SHEET function	Information: Returns the sheet number of the referenced sheet
SHEETS function	Information: Returns the number of sheets in a reference
SIGN function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the sign of a number
SIN function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the sine of the given angle
SINH function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number
SKEW function	Statistical: Returns the skewness of a distribution
SKEW.P function	Statistical: Returns the skewness of a distribution based on a population: a characterization of the degree of asymmetry of a distribution around its mean
SLN function	Financial: Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period
SLOPE function	Statistical: Returns the slope of the linear regression line
SMALL function	Statistical: Returns the k-th smallest value in a data set
SQL.REQUEST function	Add-in and Automation: Connects with an external data source and runs a query from a worksheet, then returns the result as an array without the need for macro programming
SQRT function	Math and trigonometry: Returns a positive square root
SQRTPI function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the square root of (number * pi)
STANDARDIZE function	Statistical: Returns a normalized value
STDEV function	Compatibility: Estimates standard deviation based on a sample
STDEV.P function	Statistical: Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population
STDEV.S function	Statistical: Estimates standard deviation based on a sample
STDEVA function	Statistical: Estimates standard deviation based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values
STDEVP function	Compatibility: Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
STDEVPA function	Statistical: Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values
STEYX function	Statistical: Returns the standard error of the predicted y-value for each x in the regression
SUBSTITUTE function	Text: Substitutes new text for old text in a text string
SUBTOTAL function	Math and trigonometry: Returns a subtotal in a list or database
SUM function	Math and trigonometry: Adds its arguments
SUMIF function	Math and trigonometry: Adds the cells specified by a given criteria
SUMIFS function	Math and trigonometry: Adds the cells in a range that meet multiple criteria
SUMPRODUCT function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the sum of the products of corresponding array components
SUMSQ function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the sum of the squares of the arguments
SUMX2MY2 function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in two arrays
SUMX2PY2 function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values in two arrays
SUMXMY2 function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in two arrays
SWITCH function	Logical: Evaluates an expression against a list of values and returns the result corresponding to the first matching value. If there is no match, an optional default value may be returned. Note: This function isn’t available in Excel 2016 for Mac.
SYD function	Financial: Returns the sum-of-years’ digits depreciation of an asset for a specified period
T function	Text: Converts its arguments to text
TAN function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the tangent of a number
TANH function	Math and trigonometry: Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number
TBILLEQ function	Financial: Returns the bond-equivalent yield for a Treasury bill
TBILLPRICE function	Financial: Returns the price per $100 face value for a Treasury bill
TBILLYIELD function	Financial: Returns the yield for a Treasury bill
T.DIST function	Statistical: Returns the Percentage Points (probability) for the Student t-distribution
T.DIST.2T function	Statistical: Returns the Percentage Points (probability) for the Student t-distribution
T.DIST.RT function	Statistical: Returns the Student’s t-distribution
TDIST function	Compatibility: Returns the Student’s t-distribution
TEXT function	Text: Formats a number and converts it to text
TEXTJOIN function	Text: Combines the text from multiple ranges and/or strings, and includes a delimiter you specify between each text value that will be combined. If the delimiter is an empty text string, this function will effectively concatenate the ranges. Note: This function isn’t available in Excel 2016 for Mac.
TIME function	Date and time: Returns the serial number of a particular time
TIMEVALUE function	Date and time: Converts a time in the form of text to a serial number
T.INV function	Statistical: Returns the t-value of the Student’s t-distribution as a function of the probability and the degrees of freedom
T.INV.2T function	Statistical: Returns the inverse of the Student’s t-distribution
TINV function	Compatibility: Returns the inverse of the Student’s t-distribution
TODAY function	Date and time: Returns the serial number of today’s date
TRANSPOSE function	Lookup and reference: Returns the transpose of an array
TREND function	Statistical: Returns values along a linear trend
TRIM function	Text: Removes spaces from text
TRIMMEAN function	Statistical: Returns the mean of the interior of a data set
TRUE function	Logical: Returns the logical value TRUE
TRUNC function	Math and trigonometry: Truncates a number to an integer
T.TEST function	Statistical: Returns the probability associated with a Student’s t-test
TTEST function	Compatibility: Returns the probability associated with a Student’s t-test Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
TYPE function	Information: Returns a number indicating the data type of a value
UNICHAR function	Text: Returns the Unicode character that is references by the given numeric value
UNICODE function	Text: Returns the number (code point) that corresponds to the first character of the text
UPPER function	Text: Converts text to uppercase
VALUE function	Text: Converts a text argument to a number
VAR function	Compatibility: Estimates variance based on a sample Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
VAR.P function	Statistical: Calculates variance based on the entire population
VAR.S function	Statistical: Estimates variance based on a sample
VARA function	Statistical: Estimates variance based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values
VARP function	Compatibility: Calculates variance based on the entire population Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
VARPA function	Statistical: Calculates variance based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values
VDB function	Financial: Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified or partial period by using a declining balance method
VLOOKUP function	Lookup and reference: Looks in the first column of an array and moves across the row to return the value of a cell
WEBSERVICE function	Web: Returns data from a web service. Note: This function is not available in Excel Online.
WEEKDAY function	Date and time: Converts a serial number to a day of the week
WEEKNUM function	Date and time: Converts a serial number to a number representing where the week falls numerically with a year
WEIBULL function	Compatibility: Calculates variance based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
WEIBULL.DIST function	Statistical: Returns the Weibull distribution
WORKDAY function	Date and time: Returns the serial number of the date before or after a specified number of workdays
WORKDAY.INTL function	Date and time: Returns the serial number of the date before or after a specified number of workdays using parameters to indicate which and how many days are weekend days
XIRR function	Financial: Returns the internal rate of return for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic
XNPV function	Financial: Returns the net present value for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic
XOR function	Logical: Returns a logical exclusive OR of all arguments
YEAR function	Date and time: Converts a serial number to a year
YEARFRAC function	Date and time: Returns the year fraction representing the number of whole days between start_date and end_date
YIELD function	Financial: Returns the yield on a security that pays periodic interest
YIELDDISC function	Financial: Returns the annual yield for a discounted security; for example, a Treasury bill
YIELDMAT function	Financial: Returns the annual yield of a security that pays interest at maturity
Z.TEST function	Statistical: Returns the one-tailed probability-value of a z-test
ZTEST function	Compatibility: Returns the one-tailed probability-value of a z-test Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.